Male infertility can be caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function, or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm. Illnesses, injuries, chronic health conditions, lifestyle factors, and other medical conditions may also contribute to male infertility.

In some cases, the exact cause of abnormal sperm count or function may remain unidentified despite appropriate medical evaluation. Depending on the couple’s fertility assessment, age, duration of infertility, and previous treatments, intrauterine insemination (IUI) may be considered. If pregnancy does not occur following appropriate treatment, assisted reproductive techniques such as IVF or IVF with ICSI may be recommended based on individual medical circumstances.