Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is a condition in which a man experiences difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection sufficient for sexual activity. Although ED does not necessarily affect sperm production or quality, it may make natural conception more difficult by interfering with sexual intercourse.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include lifestyle modifications, psychological counseling, medications, or other medical interventions. In selected cases where natural conception remains difficult, assisted reproductive techniques such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) or IVF may be considered following medical evaluation. Sperm retrieval procedures such as TESA or PESA may be recommended only in specific clinical situations.