TESA is conducted by a urologist using local or general anaesthesia, where a small needle and a special syringe are used to extract sperm directly from the testicles. Unlike traditional open testicular biopsy, TESA saves time, with the procedure taking around 20-30 minutes.
The sperm retrieval success rate using TESA depends on whether the azoospermia is obstructive or non-obstructive. In males with obstructive azoospermia, the sperm retrieval rate is close to 100%, while in non-obstructive cases, it is only 15-50%.
