What is Uterine Polyps/Endometrial Polyps?
Uterine polyps are abnormal growths or tumors that occur on the inner layer of the uterus, which is also known as the endometrium. Even though they are common and usually benign, polyps can result in many complications, such as irregular bleeding, infertility, and at times, pain. Knowing the risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods of polyps can aid in effectively managing the condition.
Causes of Uterine Polyps/Endometrial Polyps
The exact cause of uterine polyps is still a mystery. However, there are a few factors that are likely to be responsible. Let us delve deeper:
Hormonal Imbalance
One major underlying reason for polyps is hormonal imbalance in the body, especially high estrogen levels. Oestrogen is essential for the proliferation of the endometrial lining, and if this process is disrupted, polyps will form.
Age and Stage of Menopause
Elderly women in their 40s and 50s are at a greater risk of developing polyps. Women who are in the perimenopausal period are more likely to develop endometrial polyps, however, women who are post-menopausal and undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are also prone to polyps.
Genetic Contributions
In the case of uterine polyps, genetic history may have some significance. A family history of polyps could increase someone’s susceptibility to developing them.
Other Contributory Factors
Hormonal imbalance is the primary cause of uterine polyps, however, factors such as obesity, elevated blood pressure, and even some fertility treatments are known to also increase the likelihood of developing uterine polyps.
Symptoms Associated with Uterine Polyps /Endometrial Polyps
In most cases, uterine polyps do not exhibit symptoms, but in some cases they can be extremely painful. These symptoms include:
Abnormal Menstrual Cycle However Increasing Monthly Flow
Women who have uterine polyps also suffer from irregular periods which results in heavier and longer-than-usual menstrual cycles.
Masked Heavy Menstrual Flow
With uterine polyps, a significant proportion of women will experience heavy menstrual bleeding, which makes it extremely difficult to go about their daily activities.
Intermenstrual Bleeding
This is another common symptom where women can bleed in-between cycles, which can occur post-menopause also.
Infertility Issues
Because of the presence of the polyps, fertilized eggs may not be properly implanted which results in pregnancy complications.
Pain in The Pelvic Region
Polycystic ovaries may lead to pelvic pain as well as discomfort in some women especially during sexual intercourse.
Risk Factors for Uterine Polyps/Endometrial Polyps
Some risk factors can contribute to developing uterine polyps even if the exact cause is not known. The following are some of these risk factors:
Obesity
Excess body weight might lead to an increased risk of suffering from uterine polyps due to the effect of excess body fat on hormone concentrations.
High Blood Pressure
Women with high blood pressure might have a greater risk of developing uterine polyps, albeit the reason for this remains somewhat of a mystery.
Use of Hormonal Medications
Fertility medications and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have a likelihood to increase polyps due to their effects on the endometrium.
Hereditary Factors
Has a greater chance of having uterine polyps, if her mother or sister has previously suffered from them.
How Are Uterine Polyps Diagnosed?
In order to identify uterine polyps, various examination methods have to be executed so that doctors can confirm the presence of the polyps, and ensure other conditions do not exist. Several methods to diagnose include:
Physical Examination
Through a pelvic exam, a physician could assess for any relevant abnormalities within the uterus. However, the diagnosis of uterine polyps cannot be arrived at solely by physical examination.
Ultrasound
To examine the polyps in the uterus, a transvaginal ultrasound test is often done. This test involves the use of sounds to form an image of the uterus and reveal any abnormal growths.
Hysteroscopy
In a Hysteroscopy, a small camera is passed through the cervix into the uterus in order to visually examine the polyps.
Endometrial Biopsy
Sometimes, there might be a need to check a bio sample of the endometrium tissue in order to identify the presence of cancer or any abnormality.
Saline Infusion Sonography
While performing an ultrasound, a saline solution can be injected into the uterus to illuminate the area and get a clear image of the uterus and polyps.
Treatment Options for Uterine Polyps/Endometrial Polyps
The treatment selected for the uterine polyps will be based on its size, symptoms, and whether they happen to cause complications. The main options available for treating are listed below.
Medication
In some cases of polyps, they can be hormonal treated which can help in shrinking them or even stopping the growth altogether. Unbalanced hormones can be treated using progestin or contraceptive pills.
Surgical Treatment
In the case that polyps are particularly large or problematic, some form of surgery may be needed. Some of the most common ones include:
Polypectomy: A type of surgery in which the polyp is removed. This is usually done under general anesthetic.
Hysteroscopic Polypectomy: A type of surgery that uses an endoscope to remove polyps through the cervix.
Hormonal Treatment
Shrinking polyps or stopping new ones from developing can be done through thermoregulation, part of hormonal therapy.
Alternative Treatments
Some other options for managing symptoms are acupuncture and herbal medicine, although there is little scientific support for their claims.
When Should You Seek Medical Help?
Visiting a doctor is prudent with symptomology such as heavy/ irregular bleeding, pelvic pains, or difficulty conceiving. Uterine polyps can lead to complex complications if not diagnosed and treated early, one of which includes infertility.
Preventing Uterine Polyps/Endometrial Polyps
While it’s not always achievable to minimize the risk of developing uterine polyps, simple steps can assist in lowering the chances. It becomes easier to manage reproductive health by keeping weight within a healthy range, controlling blood pressure, and cutting down on medication that contains hormones unless they’re necessary.
Conclusion
It may seem that uterine polyps are a complicated issue to deal with, but with proper attention, they can be effectively treated. If you notice any signs or worrying symptoms related to your reproductive health, it is best to seek medical attention. An active lifestyle accompanied by routine medical check-ups plays a vital role in lowering the risk of uterine polyps and other related conditions.
