IUI Process: Step by Step IUI Procedure Explained

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IUI or Intrauterine Insemination is one of the most frequently used types of fertility treatments for couples who have difficulty conceiving a child. This procedure is more simple, affordable, and less traumatic than more advanced methods like IVF (In Vitro Fertilization). Because of its relatively non-invasive nature, many couples considering assisted reproductive technology begin with IUI.

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What is IUI?

Intrauterine Insemination is a type of artificial insemination in which specially prepared sperm is injected into uterus of woman during ovulation. IUI increases the likelihood of fertilization by placing the sperm closer to the egg. With this method, some obstacles along the reproductive tract are circumvented which gives the sperm an advantage in winning the race to the egg.

How does IUI work?

It is vital that the IUI procedure is performed in-sync with the ovulation cycle of the woman. The catheter used to inject the sperm is highly flexible and slim, increasing the likelihood of sperm fertilization. Sperm is extracted and prepared through a technique called “sperm washing,” and is injected via a thin catheter into the uterus. This procedure allows the sperm to travel shorter distances, drastically improving the chances of pregnancy.

Who can benefit from IUI?

Unexplained Infertility in Couples: In situations where no distinct infertility diagnosis exists, IUI can assist in improving the chances of conception.
Mild Male Factor Infertility: IUI is helpful for more mild conditions like a low sperm count and/or motility difficulties.
Cervical Factor Infertility: IUI can bypass difficulties with cervical mucus that otherwise stop sperm from accessing the egg.
Single Women or Same-Sex Couples: For women in heterosexual relationships or same-sex relationships, IUI is commonly performed using donor sperm.

When is IUI Recommended?

Infertility specialist might recommend the use of IUI in the following cases:

When a couple trying to conceive for a year but is unable to do so.
When mild male fertility challenges exist.
When there are ovulation issues with the female partner.
When sperm donation is an option.

Preparation Before the IUI Procedure

Initial Consultation and tests: Both partners have to undergo fertility work-up which include blood tests and ultrasounds.

Monitoring of Ovulation: Determining the level of hormones present during the ovulation phase and ultrasound scans to know when to perform IUI.

Sperm Collection and Preparation: A sperm sample is collected and washed to eliminate impurities associated with the sample collected. The end product contains active healthy sperm.

Step-by-step IUI Procedure

Timing the procedure: The topping of the procedure is synchronized with the ovulation cycle of the woman, typically triggered by medication.

Sperm Washing: This is intended to improve the quantity of sperm as well as the movement by removing selected seminal fluid. Only the active motile sperm will be selected which is essential for the procedure.

Insemination Process: The sperm sample is injected into the uterus with a thin, flexible catheter. This process is short and can be done in mere minutes.

Post IUI Care and Precautions

Take a few minutes to rest after the procedure is done.
Avoid strenuous exercise for a day or two.
Follow prescribed medication and lifestyle changes given by the doctor.

Success rates for IUI

IUI has a 10%-20% success rate per cycle depending on age, fertility health, and the timing of the cycle.

Factors Affecting IUI Success

Women’s Age: increases the chances of failure due to decreased fertility.
Quality of Sperm: Higher count and mobility increases the chances of conception.
Ovulation Timing: Must be within the right window to have the sperm meet the egg.

Possible Side Effects and Risks of IUI

Slight cramping or bleeding.
Very low chances of infection.
Increased chances of multiple pregnancies if using ovulation inducing medication.

IUI vs. IVF: What’s the difference?

IUI: Easier, less costly, less intrusive, and uncomplicated.

IVF: More comprehensive and expensive. Includes egg retrieval and lab fertilisation followed by embryo transfer to increase success rate for complicated infertility cases.

Cost of IUI Treatment

Typically because of its initial step nature, the cost of IUI is more economical when compared to other assisted reproductive technology (ART) methods. The pricing range is predominantly determined by the clinic and geographical location.

Emotional and Psychological Impact of IUI

The emotional roller-coaster is often brutal. Friends and family can be extremely helpful, and at times it is wise to seek professional help as well.

Conclusion

IUI presents a very promising and impactful solution for couples undergoing fertility treatment. Consulting a fertility expert will help assess whether there is a necessity for IUI.

FAQs

What are the steps to IUI?

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) involves several steps. First, the woman may be given fertility medications to stimulate ovulation. Then, her ovulation is monitored through ultrasound and blood tests. Once the egg is ready, the partner’s or donor’s sperm is washed and concentrated in a lab. On the day of ovulation, the sperm is inserted directly into the uterus using a thin catheter. A pregnancy test is done about two weeks later to confirm the result.

How long is the IUI process from start to finish?

The entire IUI process typically takes around 2 to 3 weeks. It starts with a consultation and may include 10–14 days of fertility medications, followed by ovulation tracking. The actual insemination procedure is quick and done in a few minutes. After that, there’s a 2-week waiting period to take a pregnancy test and see if the procedure was successful.

On which day of your period is IUI done?

IUI is usually performed around day 12 to 16 of a woman’s menstrual cycle, depending on when ovulation occurs. Ovulation is tracked through ultrasound or ovulation predictor kits. The goal is to perform IUI as close as possible to the time of ovulation to increase the chances of fertilization.

Is IUI a painful process?

IUI is generally not painful. Some women may feel mild discomfort or cramping during the procedure, similar to what is felt during a Pap smear. The entire insemination takes only a few minutes and does not require anesthesia. Most women can resume normal activities immediately afterward.